Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a flowering plant that belongs to the family Cannabaceae. It is classified as a genus within the family Cannabaceae, and the most commonly recognized species of marijuana is Cannabis sativa. However, there are also other species within the Cannabis genus, including Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis. These three species are the most commonly recognized biological classifications of marijuana.

Cannabis sativa

Cannabis sativa is a tall, thin plant with narrow leaves and is known for its uplifting and energizing effects. It is typically grown in warmer climates and has a longer flowering time compared to other species of cannabis. Cannabis sativa strains are often associated with cerebral effects, such as increased creativity, focus, and sociability. They are commonly used during the day for recreational purposes or for medicinal purposes that require alertness and productivity.

Cannabis indica 

Cannabis indica is a shorter, bushier plant with wider leaves and is known for its relaxing and sedating effects. It is typically grown in cooler climates and has a shorter flowering time compared to Cannabis sativa. Cannabis indica strains are often associated with physical relaxation, pain relief, and sleep-inducing effects. They are commonly used in the evening or at night for relaxation, stress relief, and medicinal purposes that require calming effects.

Cannabis ruderalis

Cannabis ruderalis is a smaller and less common species of cannabis that is native to regions with harsh climates, such as northern parts of Russia and Eastern Europe. It is known for its auto-flowering trait, meaning it flowers based on age rather than light cycle, making it suitable for outdoor cultivation in regions with short growing seasons. Cannabis ruderalis strains are typically low in THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content, which is the psychoactive compound found in cannabis, and are often used for hemp production or for breeding purposes to create hybrid strains with specific characteristics.

It's important to note that these biological classifications of marijuana are not absolute, and there are many hybrid strains that are a cross between different species of cannabis. Hybrid strains may exhibit a combination of characteristics from both Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica, and their effects can vary depending on the specific genetics of the strain. Additionally, with advancements in cannabis breeding and genetic manipulation, there are now numerous cultivars and varieties of marijuana that may not fit neatly into the traditional classifications of Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, or Cannabis ruderalis.

In conclusion, marijuana is classified as a genus within the family Cannabaceae, with the most commonly recognized species being Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. These species are known for their different characteristics in terms of plant morphology, growing conditions, and effects when consumed. However, with the prevalence of hybrid strains and advancements in cannabis breeding, the traditional classifications of marijuana may not always accurately reflect the wide range of cannabis varieties and cultivars that are available today.